• Here we dissect X chromosome dosage

  2021-12-06

  

  Here, we dissect X chromosome dosage compensation (DC) in C. elegans to determine the effect of chromatin modifications on higher-order chromosome structure during long-range gene regulation. DC is exemplary because it controls hundreds of genes simultaneously, it distinguishes X chromosomes from au

• blz receptor In conclusions it is hypothesized that caffeine

  2021-12-06

  

  In conclusions, it is hypothesized that caffeine administration could lead to an increase in histamine neuronal activation or release of histamine [38] to induced locomotor stimulation via H1 receptor activation. In addition, the present study also propose that the spaced administration of caffeine

• Diabetes and atherosclerosis are paralleled by impaired woun

  2021-12-06

  

  Diabetes and atherosclerosis are paralleled by impaired wound healing and endothelial angiogenesis in the periphery, which cause severe complications and mainly occur as a result of the elevated circulating levels of glucose and free fatty acids. Yuan et al. recently showed that palmitic KU14R indu

• Introduction Hedgehog HH signaling regulates development cel

  2021-12-06

  

  Introduction Hedgehog (HH) signaling regulates development, cell proliferation, and tissue repair [1], [2], [3]. In mammals, HH signaling is activated by 3 ligands: Sonic hedgehog (SHH), Indian hedgehog (IHH), or Desert hedgehog; SHH is the most widely expressed in adult tissues [3]. The primary re

• In conclusion the present study

  2021-12-06

  

  In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that peripheral nerve exposure to HIV gp120 increased the expression levels of the P2Y12 receptor in DRG SGCs and enhanced mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia in rat models. Up-regulation of the P2Y12 receptor in DRG SGCs further promoted the release of

• The energy required to drive the functional process to

  2021-12-06

  

  The energy required to drive the functional process to actively maintain lens transparency is primarily derived from the metabolism of glucose. Since the lens is avascular and exists in an environment of low oxygen tension, glucose is primarily metabolized by 5-fluorocytosine glycolysis (Kinoshita,

• Phylogenetic trees of receptors for peptides

  2021-12-06

  

  Phylogenetic trees of receptors for peptides similar to glucagon from diverse vertebrate species typically are similar to the tree presented in Fig. 3 (Sivarajah et al., 2001, Chow et al., 2004, Irwin and Wong, 2005, Cardoso et al., 2005, Cardoso et al., 2006, Ng et al., 2010, Park et al., 2013, Hwa

• Ghrelin is mostly known for

  2021-12-06

  

  Ghrelin is mostly known for its orexigenic properties, whereas the role of DAG on feeding is controversial with studies claiming an orexigenic, anorexigenic or no effect (Inhoff et al, 2009, Toshinai et al, 2006). One of these studies was that of Toshinai and colleagues, who found a link between the

• Inhibitors of the G rdos effect include

  2021-12-06

  

  Inhibitors of the Gárdos effect include the Ca2+-channel blocker nitrendipine with an IC50 of ∼103nM (Ellory et al., 1992, Ellory et al., 1992); its mode of action is likely to be from direct blockage of K+ flux through the Gárdos channel (Ellory et al., 1992, Ellory et al., 1992), and the peptidic

• GSIs were shown to effectively decrease A

  2021-12-06

  

  GSIs were shown to effectively decrease Aβ levels at doses close to or higher than their IC50 values in cell culture models. Surprisingly, they also slightly increase Aβ levels at low doses, (significantly below the IC50) also known as “Aβ rise”, due to various mechanisms including inhibition of cel

• The GABA A receptors containing the subunit are

  2021-12-04

  

  The GABA-A receptors containing the δ subunit are crucial for the mediation of non-synaptic inhibition in the dentate gyrus; thus, the decreased expression of the δ subunit may suggest a decrease in the inhibitory tone and an increase in the neuronal excitability. Moreover, the GABA-A receptors cont

• This study appears to provide an additional example albeit

  2021-12-04

  

  This study appears to provide an additional example, albeit an unanticipated one, of the importance of renal ETB receptor function in the normal control of blood pressure and salt and water homeostasis. ETB receptor-deficient rats, collecting duct-specific ETB receptor knockout mice, and rats chroni

• Our results further indicate that low

  2021-12-04

  

  Our results further indicate that low expression of p300/CBP in CRC is directly associated with poor clinical therapeutic outcome of 5-FU treatment, potentially providing a new set of biomarkers to predict chemo-sensitivity. Although the ability of low expression of p300/CBP to predict poor prognosi

• There have been a few studies investigating

  2021-12-04

  

  There have been a few studies investigating the effects of histamine on mast cells but the majority of these has been on rodent and cultured mast cells (Hofstra et al., 2003, Lippert et al., 2004, Jemima et al., 2014). How representative these systems are of primary human cells is a moot point since

• br Introduction br Mitochondrial dysfunction and cancer br L

  2021-12-04

  

  Introduction Mitochondrial dysfunction and cancer Lactate and succinate as oncometabolites Intracellular actions of lactate and succinate as tumor promoters Cell-surface receptors for lactate and succinate and their role in cancer GPR109A as the receptor for butyrate and β-hydroxybu

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