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  • The analytical evaluations allow the

    2018-11-12

    The analytical evaluations allow the use of the design tools developed (process trees Figs. 5 and 6). These have been developed for new constructions and retrofitting projects starting from the greening systems characteristics described above, through the evaluation of divers technologies, materials, durability, plant species suitable, the influence on the thermal behaviour and the economic and environmental sustainability (according to researches results Ottelé et al., 2011; Perini et al., 2012). The process trees show the main parameters for a first indicative choice of vertical greening systems and plant species. It considers architectural, structural and material characteristics of the building envelope evaluating the possibility of fixing directly on the envelope, on the building structure or on the Brefeldin A of the façade. These schemes do not mean to be exhaustive considering the large amount of systems available on the market in Europe (especially for vertical green Corrado, 2010). Anyhow it is possible to give an idea of the many variables involved for some systems and to relate, as above described, the several parameters involved that characterise a system (benefits, environmental and economic impact, etc.) and a trace to follow to define suitable systems for different situations and needs. Starting from the tags given to the different parts of the building envelope it is possible to draw a design path. With respect to vertical surfaces (Figure 5), the choice of the most suitable system is done considering the eventual presence of windows or terraces and the structural and material characteristics of the envelope. The possibility to anchor on the structure permits to choose the microclimatic performances in relation with the efficiency problems and with the architectural characteristics of every vertical surface. The design path takes, therefore, to the individuation of the supporting type, in the first case (north façade) a living wall system; for the other vertical surfaces the use of green façades can be assumed. These green façades can be direct or indirect and with several conformations, as shown in Figure 5. The most suitable solution for the Western façade and for some parts of the Eastern façade is an indirect system fixes on the wall, considering the possibility to plant in the ground; the one suitable for the South and East façades is the combination of supporting systems with planter boxes. It is possible to relate materials, durability, costs, environmental burden with the benefits for heating and cooling. The living wall system assumed for the North green façade is the one based on planter boxes; this choice is made especially considering environmental burden and durability. For all the other surfaces the use of a stainless steel supporting system is rejected, due to the high environmental burden and costs, while steel and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) supporting systems and planter boxes can be assumed for both. The plant bearing and seasonal cycle have to be evaluated starting from the supporting system type: evergreen shrubs for living wall systems and evergreen or deciduous (considering the presence of glass surfaces) for green façade systems. Regarding the horizontal surfaces, the design path done with the process tree (Figure 6) considers the roof inclination (in this case less than 10°) and the weight, which can be supported, to determine the performance obtainable and the formal and functional characteristics. Compatibly to a structural survey and according to the Province of Genoa\'s report on the actual situation of Barsanti Institute, the possibility of the terraces to support a weight higher than 500kg/m2 is assumed. Besides an improvement of thermal mass and insulation and a reduction of the surface temperatures, it is believed fundamental, in this specific case, visible and accessible terraces. For the terraces, therefore, intensive green roofs are assumed allowing to plant shrubs and medium sized trees. With respect to the South roof, flat and not usable, the integration of a semi-intensive system is assumed.