En el caso de la foliculitis decalvante FD se

En el caso de la foliculitis decalvante (FD), se ha publicado un estudio multicéntrico español de 82 pacientes en el que se concluye que el tratamiento que consigue una mayor efectividad (mejora en 15/15 pacientes tratados) y un mayor periodo de remisión postratamiento (7,2 meses) es la combinación de rifampicina y clindamicina durante 10 semanas (fig. 3). Otra novedad terapéutica ha sido la publicación de la posible utilidad de la terapia fotodinámica (TFD) en 9/10 pacientes con FD. Sin embargo, otros autores han comunicado una experiencia negativa con TFD en 3/3 pacientes.
Trasplante capilar Para finalizar, dentro del campo del trasplante capilar, destacan 2 novedades. Por un lado, la llegada de los nuevos sistemas robotizados y automatizados que permiten mejorar la velocidad quirúrgica y, en algunos casos, las tasas de transección folicular en la técnica follicular unit extraction (FUE). No obstante, podemos afirmar que para obtener mejores resultados, más importante que el dispositivo que utilicemos es la habilidad quirúrgica del cirujano. La otra novedad hace referencia a una nueva técnica de extracción folicular, conocida como «extracción longitudinal parcial». Consiste en extraer parcialmente las unidades foliculares, con el objetivo de que la porción de folículo que persiste en la zona donante pueda sobrevivir y generar nuevamente una unidad folicular íntegra, evitando de esta forma la despoblación progresiva que se produce en la zona donante. Se trata de un interesante concepto, aunque aún está por desarrollar. En la tabla 1 se presenta un resumen de las novedades terapéuticas de mayor relevancia en tricología.
Conclusiones
Conflicto de intereses
Abstract
Introduction Various studies have implied that regular and moderate exercise has a beneficial effect on immune function, which could protect against upper respiratory tract infections (URTI) (Barrett et al., 2012, Walsh et al., 2011). In contrast, extended and exhaustive exercise, such as a marathon race, may have negative effects on the Hoechst 34580 synthesis and increase the risk of URTI (Nieman et al., 1989, Shepard and Shek, 1996). After a strenuous bout of exercise, athletes are hypothetically more susceptible to URTI, although a causal relation has never been demonstrated. In a large study (2311 participants) of the Los Angeles Marathon, data suggested that runners may experience increased odds for infectious episodes following a marathon race (Nieman et al., 1990). It has also been reported that prolonged training results in a significant decrease in both mucosal s-IgA and the secretion rate of s-IgA concomitant with an increase in the incidence of URTI (Fahlman and Engels, 2005). Gleeson et al. (2011) reported that high levels of intensive physical activity are associated with increased risk of URTI possibly due to an elevated anti-inflammatory cytokine response to antigen challenge. Animal studies have also demonstrated that intense exercise to exhaustion leads to increased susceptibility and severity of infections. For example, lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infected C57BL/6 mice became to suppression of LCMV-specific CD8 and CD4 T-cell responses following exhaustive exercise (Kapasi et al., 2005). The kinetics of antigen-specific cytokine production may be also changed by exhaustive exercise (Kohut et al., 2001). We recently reported various changes to effector and regulatory CD4+ and CD8+ T cell components in recreational marathon runners 24–48h before a marathon compared with 4 weeks before and one week after a marathon (Rehm et al., 2013). Our overall results were consistent with other studies that have reported that various exercise-induced immune changes typically return to baseline within 72h post-race (Nieman and Pedersen, 1999, Smith, 2003). Interestingly, both Th2 (CD3+CD8−IFNg−IL4+) and Tc2 (CD3+CD8−IFNg−IL4+) cells were significantly increased pre-race compared to baseline but then continued to increase one week post-marathon. This resulted in a continued reduction of the T1/T2 ratios one week post-marathon, suggesting that some components of immunity may still be altered up to one week. In the current study we measured Th1, Th2 and Th3 related genes (cytokines, transcription factors, activation markers, cytokine/chemokine receptors, and accessory molecules) using a new PCR Array technology at the pre- and one week post-marathon time points with PBMC from a randomly selected subjects in our previous study with recreational marathon runners to determine if the continued decrease in the Th1/Th2 ratio one week post-race could be measured at the transcriptional level.