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  • br Conflict of interest br Case

    2019-06-29


    Conflict of interest
    Case presentation A 41-year-old man with a history of palpitations refractory to multiple antiarrhythmic agents for several weeks was referred to our department. A 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) demonstrated incessant narrow QRS complex tachycardia (cycle length of 580ms) with prominent negative P waves in the inferior leads and long RP interval. Occasionally, the tachycardia terminated after a P wave and then was restarted after a sinusal beat (Fig. 1). An echocardiography showed mild dilated left heart chambers and moderate ventricular systolic dysfunction. An EP study was performed during tachycardia. Two separate quadripolar catheters were placed at the right ventricle and the region of His. Also, a steerable quadripolar catheter was placed in the initial segment of the coronary sinus. The tachycardia Sotalol of length was 600ms, the HV interval was normal, the VA interval was 470ms, and the atrial electrogram recorded at the coronary sinus ostium was earliest than of the His. Tachycardia could be entrained from the right ventricle. The response of tachycardia upon termination of the entrainment is shown in Fig. 2. A ventricular extrastimuli delivered during His bundle refractoriness from the right ventricle reproducibly elicited the response shown in Fig. 2.
    Discussion The differential diagnosis of a regular, narrow QRS complex tachycardia with long RP interval is orthodromic reciprocating tachycardia using an accessory pathway with slow or decremental conduction properties (permanent form of junctional reciprocating tachycardia [PJRT]), atypical AV nodal reentrant tachycardia (aAVNRT), nodofascicular reentrant tachycardia (NFRT) and atrial tachycardia [1]. The first important ECG finding was the spontaneous termination of tachycardia with AV block. This fact excluded atrial tachycardia. Furthermore, the response of tachycardia after termination of entrainment from the ventricle was a V-A-H-V which also excludes atrial tachycardia [2]. The PPI-TCL difference of 40ms (<110ms) and the SA-VA difference of 20ms (<85ms) excluded an aAVNRT and almost confirmed a septal accessory pathway [3–5]. The tachycardia response to the His-bundle refractory ventricular extrastimuli in the case of PJRT can be either advanced or delayed atrial activation. In our case, His-bundle refractory ventricular extrastimuli consistently delayed the next atrial activation while maintaining the same atrial activation sequence. This finding not only confirms the existence of an accessory pathway but their involvement in the tachycardia mechanism. Also, an increase in the SA intervals with the progressive reduction of coupling interval of Sotalol of the ventricular extrastimuli occurred (not shown) which demonstrated the decremental behavior of the accessory pathway. Long RP tachycardia involving concealed nodofascicular accessory pathways (NFRT) are rare. PJRT and NFRT share electrophysiological features and differential criteria except the ΔAH. ΔAH>40ms or the paradoxical finding of AH(SVT)rium in sinus rhythm. However, the AH(SVT) was similar to the AH(NSR).
    Conflict of interest